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Rule 16: Action by Give-way Vessel (COLREGS)

Last reviewed October 21, 2026

The short answer

Rule 16 says every vessel that is directed to keep out of the way of another must, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear. Small, late, or ambiguous changes don't meet the rule. The give-way vessel should act early enough and boldly enough that the other vessel notices.

The rule text

Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

International Rules, U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules and Regulations Handbook (NAVCEN, 2024 corrected edition), Rule 16

What it means on the water

  • "Early" means acting in good time, not waiting until close quarters.
  • "Substantial" ties to Rule 8(b): large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar.
  • Which vessel gives way comes from Rules 12, 13, 15, and 18.
  • The stand-on vessel's duties are in Rule 17.

International vs Inland

Same in both International and Inland.

Common exam traps

  • Choosing a small course change. Rule 8(b) says to avoid a succession of small alterations.
  • Mixing up Rule 16 (give-way) with Rule 17 (stand-on).

Try 3 questions on Rule 16

  1. What does Rule 16 require of the give-way vessel?

    1. Keep course and speed
    2. Early and substantial action to keep well clear
    3. Sound five short blasts
    4. Wait for the stand-on vessel
    Show answer

    B. Early and substantial action to keep well clear Rule 16.

  2. Which rule describes the stand-on vessel's duties?

    1. Rule 15
    2. Rule 16
    3. Rule 17
    4. Rule 18
    Show answer

    C. Rule 17 Rule 17.

  3. Is Rule 16 different on Inland waters?

    1. Yes
    2. No
    Show answer

    B. No The wording is the same in both.

Frequently asked questions

What is a give-way vessel?

The vessel directed by the rules to keep out of the way of another. Rule 16 tells her to take early and substantial action.

What counts as substantial action?

Rule 8(b): large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar.

Is Rule 16 the same Inland and International?

Yes.

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